From the sounds of things, Aboriginal health is going to be a common topic throughout our medical degree. So, why study Aboriginal health? Unfortunately, there are still a lot of disparities between the Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations, including a massive difference in life expectancy (Aboriginal people have a life expectancy roughly 10-15 years lower than non-Aboriginal people). Understanding the determinants of health in Aboriginal populations might help to reduce these disparities. Furthermore, studying Aboriginal health gives us an opportunity to reflect not only on Aboriginal culture, but on other cultures too.
Describe the cultural diversity within the Aboriginal population and the
importance of cultural protocols when engaging with Aboriginal people.
Often, Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander people are grouped together and talked about as if they are the same. They are not: Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islanders have quite different cultures, and even within the Aboriginal population, there are many distinct cultures. Here is a map showing many of the nation groups of Aboriginal Australians: https://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/articles/aiatsis-map-indigenous-australia
All of these distinct cultures have their own protocols and rules, so it would probably take a lifetime to learn all of the protocols and rules. However, it's important to keep an open mind, to listen, and to learn. We all want to be treated in a way that aligns with our cultural values, so in order to provide a comfortable experience for your patients, you will need to listen and find out what their values are first.
Another quick note is that spirituality is important to a lot of Aboriginal cultures, and some Aboriginal people see illness as stemming from a spiritual cause. This may be useful to keep in mind when talking to and explaining things to patients and their families.
Explain what the cultural determinants are and discuss how they influence
health in Aboriginal people and communities. Understand that aspects of Aboriginal culture are a strength for Aboriginal peoples health.
There are a range of cultural determinants of health, including but not limited to peace, shelter, education, social relations, food, income, respect for human rights, and so on. Unfortunately, as I mentioned earlier, there are a range of disparities between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people, and these disparities include lower average incomes and education levels among Aboriginal people as compared to non-Aboriginal people. Clearly, the issues surrounding Aboriginal health and the large gap in life expectancy are part of a broader, systemic issue without an easy solution.
On the other hand, there are many aspects of Aboriginal culture that can impact positively on a person's health. For instance, many Aboriginal communities have a complex kinship system, often built on groups of families that may not necessarily be related by blood. Kinships are complex and diverse, and determine a lot of the rules and structures of society. They are based on respect and sharing and may assist in maintaining social and emotional wellbeing. Other aspects of Aboriginal culture that may have a positive effect on health and wellbeing include connection to the land, spirituality, traditional knowledge, and so on.
One last note...
In order to wrap up this post, I'd like to share this video. It's a satirical take on what Australia would be like if it was Aboriginal people taking over white land, rather than the other way around. This video has been around for over 30 years now, but is unfortunately still very relevant today. (When Tony Abbott became the Special Envoy for Indigenous Affairs, I was immediately reminded of the Aboriginal man in this video playing the role of "Minister for White Affairs"...)
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